Glossary
E-Residency
Estonia's government-issued digital identity that lets non-residents run an EU company online. It is not residency, tax residency or citizenship.
Estonia's e-Residency, launched in 2014, is a state-issued digital ID that lets anyone, anywhere, register and run an Estonian (and therefore EU) company entirely online — signing documents, accessing banking and filing taxes digitally.
What it is not
E-Residency is widely misunderstood. It does not grant physical residency, the right to live or work in Estonia, EU residency, citizenship or a visa — and it does not make you tax-resident in Estonia. Where you and your company are actually taxed depends on real substance and residence, not the digital ID. See tax residency in Estonia.
Why it matters
For location-independent founders it makes running an EU company frictionless, and it pairs with Estonia's distributed profit tax — 0% corporate tax on reinvested profits. But your personal tax residency still has to be planned separately.
Official sources
Rules change — always confirm the current position with the primary authority:
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